(M2) Compare the Challenges to Selected Business...

(M2) Compare the challenges to selected business activities within a selected organisation, in two different economic environments. It is very common in large businesses to expand abroad but there are a lot of factors to be considered when planning to start operation in a different country as countries differ depending on their background, policies, infrastructure and stability. In this report I will compare the challenges to business activities within Tesco Plc. In two different economic environments: China and UK. I have chosen China and UK as two contrasting countries and my chosen business is Tesco Plc., a large retail store in the UK. China is the 2nd most populated country in the world and is the largest economy in the wold in†¦show more content†¦If expanding a business into operating in China, one is provided with a lot of opportunities but there are also a number of issues and challenges a business might have to face, some of which are: Poor transport infrastructure - China’s road network is a barrier to business operations such as Tesco Due to a lot of people in china owning cars this been the cause for their notoriously long traffic jams the picture to the right is a 30 lane traffic jam on the Chinese national highway in Beijing which what Tesco use to transport their goods throughout china. and has been holding industry back which is a challenge that Tesco would come across with if deciding to expand in China as it would make imports into China much more difficult, time and cost consuming although Chinese government has made it a priority to improve the country’s infrastructure and has pledged to build 14km of new roads.in the nearer future till then Tesco could continue to expand in the UK as it has a good transport infrastructure which decreases the hassle and expenses for the organisation. On the other hand, looking at the infrastructure in England, the infrastructure in the UK is rather very goo d as they have excellent road conditions, much organised train and tube transport so therefore Tesco has to adapt to the conditions in China. Inflation - Inflation in China has reached 1.6%. The Chinese government are likely to raise interest rates inShow MoreRelatedBtec Level 3 Diploma Unit 1: the Business Environment2118 Words   |  9 Pages|Assignment title: |Business Environment | | |The purpose of this assignment is to: | |Allow you to demonstrate your understanding of a range of business organisations and the factors which impact the operations of these businesses in| |the contemporary world. Read More2014 15 Assignment4484 Words   |  18 PagesL3 BTEC National Diploma in Business (Marketing) UNIT 1: The Business Environment Assignment title Working at Business Review In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. 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Develop and Implement Strategic Plans -Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Outline the requirements of the following legislation and regulations in relation to the Organisations Strategic Plan: 2.Gives three examples of risks in relation to strategic planning. 3.Explain risk Management Strategies when developing and Implementing Strategic Plans. 4.Describe the PEST (political, economic, social and technological) analysis and SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. 5.Identify Internal and External sources of Information relevant to the Organisations Market, Competitors, Customer Base, Vision, Values and Capabilities. 6.Outline techniques for developing Organisational values. Answers: Work Health and Safety regulation 1.The Work Health and Safety regulation focuses on the process to prevent and minimize risk in organization. It incorporates the element of safety management system and managing risk in organizations through control measures, dissemination of safety information and training and instruction to working staffs. It also clearly mentions the responsibilities of employers, supervisor and employee to maintain health and safety in work place (Lerssi-Uskelin et al. 2014). Hence, maintaining health and safety helps an organization to facilitate smooth work process and remain on track with the strategic goals of business Environmental/sustainable regulation The environment/sustainable regulation focuses on explaining environmental management practices to contribute to sustainable outcome in organization. Such environmental sustainable practices is an important element for corporate strategy and marketplace success. Following the regulation standards can help organizations to maintain competitive edge and promote advantage in cost-benefit areas too. Viewing the organizations strategy through environmental sustainability lens can help to reduce risk in organization, reduce cost, increased revenue and enhance the value of intangible assets in companies (Kim 2015). Industrial relations legislation Industrial relations legislation like Fair Work Act is needed for organizations to manage work related obligations and entitlements of employers and employees. It provides employees the right to fair wages and dispute resolution. Complying with such standards enhance motivation level of employees and helps in fulfilment of organizations strategy (Harvey and Turnbull, 2016). Anti-discrimination legislation Anti-discrimination legislation provides the right to people to be treated equally in workplace. For example, the Anti-discrimination Act 1977 prohibits unlawful racial, sexual and other discrimination and provides equal opportunity to all people. Such legislation is related to organization strategic plan because it helps to maintain diversity at work and utilize skills of diverse individuals to maintain organizational excellence (Hebl et al., 2016). Privacy Privacy law deals with regulating the process of storing and using personal information of individuals to maintain individuals privacy right. Presence of adequate protection framework ensures compliance with the privacy law and prevents events of conflict in organizations. Information protection strategy helps to promote inclusiveness and adequately manage risk in workplace 2.When engaging in strategic planning process, business leaders can experience the following three risks: Firstly, uncertainties in business environment creates risk in strategic planning process because it is difficult for managers to predict the impact of events and anticipate the future of events without effective market analysis. Secondly less involvement of staffs in a project creates risk in strategic planning process Thirdly, lack of funds affects the strategic planning process (Bromiley et al. 2015) 3.While integrating strategic planning and execution process in organizations, risk management strategies increases the chance to meet strategic objectives. Effective risk management strategies includes clearly defining the business strategy and objectives and establishing key performance indicators to evaluate the outcome of strategic plan. It also involved establishing key risk indicators to identify risk factors that can affect the result. Secondly, continuous reporting and monitoring of risk on a regular basis is needed to mitigate risk (Hopkin 2017). Such actions increased the probability of success during strategic implementation process. 4.PEST analysis is necessary for business managers to evaluate the macro-environmental factors of business. This strategic tool helps to identify business position and characteristics of business. The PEST analysis includes four factors: Political factors to determine how governments or political system affects a business Economic factors such as economic growth and inflation rate in a county and its impact on business operations Social factors like cultural aspects of a business environment such as attitudes of workers Technological factors to identify the impact of technology on business cost. Quality and innovation. Another process called SWOT analysis enables an individual to understand the key strength and weakness of an organization and determine the opportunities and threats facing them (Hollensen 2015). 5.The internal source of information related to organizations market, values and capabilities includes performance of employees, quality of products or services, key strategic vision and business process in organization and the process present to manage risk and uncertainties in business. It also includes sales data, financial data and business operations data. External source of information for the same includes data on consumers preference, profile, brand image, feedback regarding quality of product, buying intention data and market survey reports (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). 6.The organizational values are developed by the following techniques: The first step is to define the core values of organization and define organizations visions accordingly The next step is to plan actions in alignment with the organizational vision In addition, taking inputs form staffs and employees regarding values helps to support the vision This is followed by finalizing the final actions according to the values and direct the staff to refine behaviors according to that behaviour Once desired behaviour is launched, the key performances measures and business operations is embedded in organization to permanently establish the organizational values (Gehman, Trevino and Garud, 2013) References Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), pp.265-276. Gehman, J., Trevino, L.K. and Garud, R., 2013. Values work: A process study of the emergence and performance of organizational values practices.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.84-112. Harvey, G. and Turnbull, P., 2016. Human resource management and industrial relations.Air Transport Management: An International Perspective, p.307. Hebl, M., Hebl, M., Barron, L., Barron, L., Cox, C.B., Cox, C.B., Corrington, A.R. and Corrington, A.R., 2016. The efficacy of sexual orientation anti-discrimination legislation.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,35(7/8), pp.449-466. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hopkin, P., 2017.Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Kim, Y., 2015. Environmental, sustainable behaviors and innovation of firms during the financial crisis.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(1), pp.58-72. Lerssi-Uskelin, J., Hopsu, L. and Salmi, A., 2014. What is Workplace Health Promotion (WHP).African Newsletter, p.46. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons.

The Compatibility of Aristophanes Speech with Socrates Ideas

When people speak about the sense of life many of them agree that the life is meaningful only when it is based on the principles of love. Thus, love is often considered as the leading aspect of the people’s life and as its ruling force. Many philosophers spent a lot of time discussing the phenomenon of love in order to understand the peculiarities of this feeling and to examine its mysterious nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Compatibility of Aristophanes’ Speech with Socrates’ Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, Plato’s Symposium can be considered as the most interesting representation of the ancient philosophers’ thought and their visions of love. Why do people usually have an irresistible desire to seek for love? What feelings and emotions lead them in their searches? In his speech, Aristophanes tried to answer these controversial questions with presenting a myth about the people’s nature which could explain that human desire. According to this myth, people who earlier were complete and had two faces and limbs were divided into two halves by the gods. That is why, to feel completeness in the life, people need to find their halves. The discussion of the myth presented in Aristophanes’ speech is compatible with Socrates’ visions of the issue of love because both philosophers consider love as a desire of something or a lack of an important part for people to be complete, love is also the search of the best part or the â€Å"goodness†, and the philosophers agree that love is intentional in its nature. The nature of love is one of the most provocative questions in philosophy which can have a lot of answers according to the positions which are close to this or that philosopher. Nevertheless, there is one point considered as exceptionally significant for the discussion by almost all the thinkers. The sp eeches of Aristophanes and Socrates focus on the fact that love is the realization of the definite intention. Thus, love is intentional in its character. According to Aristophanes, the ruling force of the people’s life is the search for something or the search for love which can be explained as the natural intention of a human to find his half in order to feel himself as a whole. Moreover, this necessity depends on the people’s instincts which are typical for the human nature and affected by their origin. That is why it is almost impossible to resist to the desire or intention to feel the wholeness with another human. In his speech, Aristophanes states that â€Å"Love does the best that can be done for the time being: he draws us towards what belongs to us† (Plato 36.193d). When people know that they are incomplete they suffer from this knowledge and do not feel satisfaction.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have the overwhelming desire to go forth and seek for their half. In this situation, love becomes the real life intention for the people. Socrates also discusses love as an intention because this feeling has the object toward which it is directed (Plato 42.200e). People are searching not for the abstract thing, but for the real object of their feeling because this object should complete their nature. That is why people suffer when the object of their love does not belong to them. The notion of love as the intention is similar in the philosophers’ discussion to the vision of love as a need or as a desire. Following Aristophanes’ considerations, it is important to note that people try to find the object of love or their half because this desire is explained by the peculiarities of the humans’ origin. Therefore, the feeling of love is the representation of the lack of the necessary part of a human, and it is the pe ople’s intense want to acquire their wholeness. According to Aristophanes, â€Å"Love† is the name for our pursuit of wholeness, for our desire to be complete† (Plato 29.192e). People cannot be happy when they are incomplete. If Aristophanes’ explanation of the people’s lack of the other person as a half is based on the myth about males, females, and androgynies, Socrates’ idea about love as a longing depends on the opinion that love is always the desire of something. During his conversation with Agathon, Socrates draws his opponent’s attention to this fact asking him a series of questions starting with â€Å"Is Love the love of nothing or of something?† (Plato 41.199e). Agathon says that love can always be considered as the love of something. In spite of the fact this understanding of love is more general in comparison with Aristophanes’ ideas of love, Socrates’ vision is compatible to Aristophanes’ discuss ion of love because love of something as the desire of something depends on the fact that person wants something when these objects do not belong to him or her. That is why love of something is the lack of something. This lack makes people consider themselves as incomplete persons. However, is any half which was acquired during the person’s search can be discussed as appropriate to form the whole? Aristophanes pays attention to the fact that people can be satisfied only when they find their necessary halves which are ideal for them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Compatibility of Aristophanes’ Speech with Socrates’ Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He states that when a man or a woman meets his half â€Å"something wonderful happens: the two are stuck from their senses by love, by a sense of belonging to one another, and by desire, and they don’t want to be separated from o ne another, not even for a moment† (Plato 28.192c). That is why it is possible to say that people love those objects and those people who are perfect particularly for them. In dialogues with Socrates, Diotima expands this idea presented by Aristophanes and makes it be more general. Diotima states that people are inclined to seek not only for their best halves but also for any perfectness and goodness (Plato 44.201a). The good people or things make people happy. Nevertheless, what are the similarities of Aristophanes and Socrates’ visions of the issue? To answer the question, it is important to concentrate on the details of the discussions. What are the main reasons for people to love something or someone? Thus, those people separated from one another by the will of the gods who are presented in the myth by Aristophanes are seeking for their halves not according to their appearances, but according to the similarities of their souls. Moreover, people love each other not b ecause of some qualities, but because of the feeling of closeness with this or that person. This idea is accentuated in Socrates’ dialogues where it is stated that â€Å"the beauty of people’s souls is more valuable than the beauty of their bodies† (Plato 58.209e). Thus, people love each other because they understand the value of the person’s soul which is similar to their ones. That is why people are inclined to love the best souls and the best things, but they are the best for these persons particularly and cannot fit the other persons’ souls. Furthermore, Aristophanes focuses on the fact that when people find their halves they are so happy and they feel that they cannot be apart with their lovers anymore. This viewpoint is similar to Socrates’ one. â€Å"Love is wanting to possess the good forever† (Plato 52.206d). To complete their nature, people should not only find their halves or the best objects of their love, but also possess them during all their life to preserve the wholeness and happiness. Plato’s Symposium includes a lot of exciting ideas on the problem of love presented in the form of the speeches developed by the ancient philosophers and historical personalities. In spite of the fact that the viewpoints performed in Aristophanes’ speech are often considered as opposite ones to Socrates’ visions of the phenomenon of love, there are a lot of similarities in the discussions of the question which allow speaking about the definite compatibility of the speeches.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the philosophers agree in their opinions that love is the intention which is realized in the desire to find the object of love. This irresistible desire is often caused by the person’s need or lack. Moreover, it is important for a person to love a man or a woman which is similar to him. That is why people are inclined to seek not for any object of love or any half, but for the best one which will be ideal for them. Works Cited Plato. Symposium. USA: Hackett, 1989. Print. 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Cinderella and EverAfter essays

Cinderella and EverAfter essays When most people think of the movie, Cinderella, they think of the animated Disney version with the little mice and the happy ending where Cinderella marries the prince and they live happily ever after. While the movie Ever After is based on Cinderella, it is not animated, but still has many of the same characteristics as the Disney version. Of course it is not exactly the same, and since it is not animated there are many differences. In Ever After, Drew Barrymore portrays the character Cinderella, who in the beginning of this movie is called Danielle. In the very beginning, it shows how Danielles father died and how she went off to live with her wicked stepmother and stepsisters. In Cinderella, both of the stepsisters are wicked, but in Ever After, her sister Jacqueline is not so wicked and usually sides with Danielle. In Ever After, Jacqueline is the not so pretty and quiet sister and Marguerite is the loud obnoxious pretty one. One similarity is that in both movies, Cinderella and Danielle are servants to their stepmother and stepsisters. They are also not allowed to eat with them, only serve them. In Ever After, Danielles only friends are the other servants of the house, this is similar to how Cinderella is friends with the mice that live in her house. In both cases their friends are always protective and willing to help. In Cinderella, Cinderella doesnt meet the prince before the ball, she doesnt even really expect to be going to the ball. In Ever After, Danielle meets the prince in a confrontation where the prince was actually stealing one of their horses. Danielle starts pegging him with apples, but just as she realizes that he is the prince, she kneels down before him. She apologizes, but the prince is lenient and s...

Check instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Check instructions - Essay Example They will substantiate our dedication to quality, time, service, and cooperation. Purpose: This proposal is aimed at offering a description of the technical approach to be implemented by the firm in order to establish the best practices that will benefit all of the stakeholders by cutting down on cost, when the construction process is underway (Rees, 2011). Our engineers will carry out tests and experiments at the site of construction to investigate the quality of the soil, the topography, drainage and see if or how it is possible to set up the proposed project at the place. The company advances the Construction Management concept of teamwork, which entails the joint and synchronized efforts of the various personnel like the manager in charge of the construction, the architect, subcontracting companies, and project owner. The manager will offer the project owner with a proficient pool of employees who can predict and establish the costs involved in his chosen design. The Owner, the Construction Manager, and the Architect comprise of the team that is charged with the responsibility of pursuing the same goal (Holland, Roxburgh, Johnson, Topping, Watson, Lauder, & Porter, 2010). This technique essentially has the stakeholders in the construction team dedicating their services in a synergized manner, from the time the project is started through its conclusion. As the technical force in the project, the Architect’s main objective is to offer guidance on theory, design, and precise space planning. The Construction Manager offers advice on expenditure, construction techniques, and oversees and manages the real construction operations. SBT Constructions Ltd has the necessary qualifications and experience in executing the organization, development, design and building process: from theory and drawing of the plan to the procurement and installation of the facilities of an ideal fitness course (Golde, 2012). We have able

Great Philosopher Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Philosopher Aristotle - Essay Example Aristotle had been very influenced by Plato although he did not agree with all his thinking, such as his theory of forms. As Michael V. Wedin claims in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy â€Å"Aristotle early on developed a keenly independent voice that expressed puzzlement over such Platonic doctrines as the separate existence of Ideas and the construction of physical reality from two-dimensional triangles.† Aristotle replaced this with his own theory of substance and further elaborated this into his theory of knowledge via his thinking on sensation and reason and the way in which he linked these properties of â€Å"man†. He also formalized abstract thought when he developed his universal method of reasoning. Not only does Aristotle’s philosophy underpin much of today’s Western thought and politics, but it also lays the foundations to modern Scientific Method. His system of inferential logic, or syllogistic reasoning, or categorical logic, has remaine d the major logical system of the Western world for many centuries. As the online Stanford Encyclopaedia says, â€Å"Although today we recognize many forms of logic beyond Aristotle's, it remains true that he not only developed a theory of deduction, now called syllogistic but added to it a modal syllogistic and went a long way towards proving some meta-theorems pertinent to these systems.†In his Prior Analytics Aristotle says that a syllogism is â€Å"a discourse in which, a certain thing being stated, something other than what is stated follows of necessity from being so†.... Not only does Aristotle's philosophy underpin much of today's Western thought and politics, but it also lays the foundations to modern Scientific Method. His system of inferential logic, or syllogistic reasoning, or categorical logic, has remained the major logical system of the Western world for many centuries. As the online Stanford Encyclopaedia says, "Although today we recognize many forms of logic beyond Aristotle's, it remains true that he not only developed a theory of deduction, now called syllogistic, but added to it a modal syllogistic and went a long way towards proving some meta-theorems pertinent to these systems." (2) Aristotle's other achievements include the fact that he taught and influenced Alexander the Great. Although Aristotle is given credit for developing, again according to the online Stanford Encyclopaedia, "a systematic treatment of the principles governing correct inference" (2) the idea of sound argumentation existed before him. What he did that was so unusual was to "codify the formal and syntactic principles at play in ... inference". (online Stanford Encyclopaedia 2) In his Prior Analytics Aristotle says that a syllogism is "a discourse in which, a certain thing being stated, something other than what is stated follows of necessity from being so" (Aristotle 24b 18). Three kinds of syllogism have emerged: the categorical syllogism, the hypothetical, and the disjunctive syllogism. The study of Prior Analytics and of what constitutes a syllogism is necessary for an understanding of Aristotle's foundations to scientific knowledge. As David Ross points out in the online excerpt from his book Aristotle, "Whatever other conditions it must satisfy besides, science

Learner Analysis Essay Example for Free

Learner Analysis Essay Background Summary Flight nurse’s and Flight Paramedics perform as members of an aeromedical crew on helicopters (rotor wing), and airplanes (fixed wing) aircraft, providing for in-flight management and care for all types and ages of patients. Responsibilities of this job include the planning and preparation of each flight, to include such things as; safety, evaluation of an individual patients in-flight needs and request of appropriate medications, supplies, and equipment to provide continuing care from origination to the destination facility. They act as liaisons between facilities during an interfacility transport and from scene location to trauma center during medical and trauma related emergencies. They also initiate emergency treatment in the absence of a physician during in-flight medical emergencies. Flight nurses and flight paramedics have training in mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support, vasoactive medications, airway, and other intensive care skills. Most air medical businesses expect nurses to have at least 2 to 5 years of experience in emergency or critical care units, and the more trauma experience, the better (flightnursetraining.com). This means nurses that have a proven ability to manage multiple patients with vastly different conditions, as well as being able to make split-second decisions about patient care with maximum attention to patient care and safety. Flight paramedics are expected to have a minimum of three years current experience as a paramedic on an advanced life support team and/or critical care transport team. Both of these roles may have to tend to multiple critical cases all at once, so it is important that he or she have the skills to cope with high stress situations. Even though those hired into the role of a flight nurse and flight paramedic come into the role with a core background in critical care and expected level of baseline knowledge,  higher level of autonomous critical thinking and rapid decisio n making is a new skill encountered for many coming into this role. A well-structured training program is an integral part of laying a strong foundation to build the necessary knowledge base needed to assure both a flight nurse and flight paramedic are prepared to perform in their role as a crew chief. Approximately six years ago a well-structured crew chief training program was in place that allowed for consistent and structured learning that allowed all crew member 2 (CM2) to obtain the necessary skills and knowledge expected to hold a position of crew chief. These modules covered areas of navigation, communications, safety, aviation, critical thinking; and incorporated reading material, practical exercises, quizzes and tests which the CM2 worked through in a systematic process. At the completion of the training module; the crew member then went through a question answer board (QAB) process. In the QAB, the crew member was asked a series of questions by a board consisting of a crew chief, clinical manager, pilot, medical director and given multiple scenarios. If the QAB was completed successfully the CM2 then advanced to status of a crew chief. Current State of Problem Currently a structured training program that assures all flight nurses and flight paramedics obtain this baseline level of knowledge that is expected of those in the crew chief role does not exist. The current practice is the assumption that all CM2’s obtain the skills and knowledge necessary by reaching their seventy fifth patient transport. This training plan does not allow for the structured delivery of expected skills and knowledge nor does it allow for a baseline competency to be demonstrated before being promoted from CM2 to crew chief. The current process was put into place to meet the increased demand for staffing experience by the company during a rapid growth period where eight bases turned into sixteen in four years. This current process put into place at this time did allow for rapid streamlined training of new staff; but it failed to take into account quality over quantity. This new process has resulted in CM2’s being promoted to the level of a crew chief w ithout the necessary knowledge that is expected of this role as determined by the management. Goal State All crew members at CM2 status go through a structured crew chief training program. This training will allow for the delivery of consistent, well-structured necessary skills and knowledge. A well-structured training program will assure that all flight crew who obtain crew chief status will have obtained the same base of knowledge and will have all demonstrated the same level of desired competence. Learner Analysis Demographic Information The instructional setting is primarily on the job training; information gained through the live patient care transport environment via ground, rotor or fixed wing aircraft. Nurses and paramedics work as partners in patient transport. This team configuration can be two nurses, or one nurse and one paramedic; but at all times one team member must be a nurse. The third person at the base is the pilot in command, who does not provide any patient care but does and can assist in aviation and safety training. These teams are on shift; stationed at their assigned base for a 24 hour period of time; where training through simulations, reading, and discussions will occur during non-patient transport times. There are 16 bases in the company; located in California, Texas and Oregon. There are 8 full time medical crew assigned to each base and an additional 2-3 part time staff at each base. Age of paramedics and nurses range from 27-61. English is native language spoken by all medical crew members. Educational levels in addition to holding an accredited paramedic license or registered nurse license are ranging from associate degree to doctorate. All Registered nurses in the capacity have received specialized training in critical care, trauma and hold specialized certificates in these areas. All paramedics in this capacity have also obtained additional critical care related training and certificates. Both the nurses and the paramedics receiving the crew chief training have been employed with this company in the flight role for a minimum of 1 year and have obtained the CM2 status. The content area is focused on five areas; to include aviation, safety, communications, navigation, and critical thinking. All medical crew have obtained the basic level of training in these areas have been deemed CM2 which puts them at â€Å"novice† status which deems them competent to s afely complete patient transports. The crew chief level of training is aimed at bringing crew  members from novice to expert level. Prior Knowledge Prior knowledge of all who will receive the crew chief training are those who are at the current CM2 level. They have been working in the capacity as flight nurses or flight paramedics at this company for a minimum of 1 year and have been on at least 75 patient transports. 25% of the total crew members have prior experience working as Flight Nurses or Flight Paramedics at another company; 10% of the flight paramedics have prior flight crew experience through the military prior to coming to this company. Those crew members who achieved crew chief status per the current model will be given a baseline written assessment and go through a crew chief QAB. Those who pass these two items will remain at the status of crew chief; and those who do not pass these assessments will complete a bridge crew chief training program, focusing on those areas of the training they did not pass during their assessments. A written assessment and QAB will be repeated at the conclusion of the bridge training. All crew members surveyed have positive feedback regarding this proposed process. Entry Skills Required Entry level skills required to the crew chief training is to be a CM2 and to have successfully passed the CM2 questions answer board. Successful completion of CM2 training demonstrates successful objectives completed as stated in the CM2 training. In addition to CM2 status; all crew members must have obtained a national certification. National certifications the nurses may obtain are critical care registered nurse (CCRN), care flight critical nurse (CFRN), or certified emergency nurse (CEN). These are each a 100-150 questions tests that are scheduled to be taken at independent test centers as determined by the certifying agencies. The CM2 must also be in good standing with the company; meaning no disciplinary actions in the crew members personal file in the previous six months. Attitudes and Motivation The majority of the flight nurses and flight paramedics are very driven; intense people with a high desire to obtain the crew chief status. Primary motivation comes from the desire to obtain the title status of â€Å"crew chief† and the increased pay rate of 5% per hour. Secondary motivation is the drive that comes from internal motivation to achieve additional training to  reach expert level knowledge in this field. Current attitudes towards training are positive with an overwhelmingly stated desire to have a more structured training program; with higher standards and rigor needed to become a crew chief. Based on the annual employee survey; one of the indicators as stated by employees to improve morale is for a more structured and rigorous crew chief training program. Unique Characteristics and Learning Styles The majority (70%) of the learners described themselves as learning best through â€Å"doing.† Those who stated they learn better through hands-on and learning state reading, watching or hearing the learning material is helpful if they can then have additional hands-on training through simulations or live on-the-job situational experiences. Another 40% of learners said they were not sure how they learned best; but felt having access to the material in writing or reading to be studied was very helpful. All learners wanted tangible resources available such as protocols, standard operating procedures, drug calculators, and other tools that could be obtained through electronic means such as their phones or IPADS; to be accessed as needed during simulated training and live patient transports. According to Kolbs Adult Learning Styles; adults have four distinct ways of preferred ways for examining, analyzing and integrating new knowledge. Converging (doing and thinking), diverging (f eeling and watching), Assimilating (watching and thinking) and Accommodating (doing and feeling). In the VARK model; Neil D Fleming described the primary ways adults acquire new knowledge; the preferred learning styles. In this VARK model; 41% are kinesthetic learners, 16% visual, 25% auditory and 18% readers. Crew member feedback of preferred learning styles and research based evidence regarding preferred adult learning styles appear to correlate. This will allow support from management to build a new crew chief training program that will be based in the delivery methods that will allow consumption of material to be presented through the desired learning styles of adult learners. Unique characteristics of this group of learners is their collective attitudes and internal drive to desire a more rigorous and structured training program with an extreme minority of the crew members desiring to hold title of crew chief without demonstration of knowledge and skills required. It will be  important to build a training program that accommodates all of the stated learning styles so as to use the crew member’s desire for the training to have a product that matches in quality and desired outcome of trainees. Accommodations According to Gregg, Talbert and Lentz (1999),An appropriately selected instructional accommodations not only provides equal awareness to learning opportunities but also minimizes the learners likelihood of failure. Appropriate educational accommodations are determined by taking into account the adults unique leaning needs. All crew members have demonstrated a prerequisite knowledge required to begin this training through successful completion of the CM2 training. All learners are primary English language learners without physical disabilities; as this is a requirement to obtain the role of flight nurse or flight paramedic in this company. The accommodations that should be considered for this training program is one that utilizes all learning styles to ensure the best possible success by all those beginning the training program. Performance Context Managerial Support Learners can expect full organizational support in the training process. One of the top goals of the organization as identified in their â€Å"Strengthen from Within Plan† is to re-build and strengthen a training strategy that will allow for employees to have a structured, well planned out, standardized training program. Employees have overwhelmingly voiced concern in the area of clinical training with regards to the crew chief training in the annual employee survey and through the Best of Practice Suggestion Forum. Management has acknowledged the priority of a structured crew chief training process lost priority in recent years; stating it has been likely to the rapid growth experienced by the company in the last 5 years and with this comes a need to recruit employees bring them to novice status in order to staff new bases. This has caused an oversight in strengthening crew chief training which brings employees to that of expert level in the field. Management has also acknowledged that current process that was put into place approximately 6 years ago; which brings a CM2 to crew chief status via a CM2 completing 75 patient transports and obtaining a national  certification has fallen short of hopes and expectations for this modality of crew chief training. All management are in agreement a more structured training program is needed. All would agree that the skills learned through a structured crew chief training program bring medical flight crew members from a novice to an expert level which translates to superior patient care, superior customer service, which lead to strengthening of the company as a whole. Physical Aspects of the Site The crew chief training takes skills learned by flight crew members during their CM2 training program and adds depth, strengthens critical thinking and problem solving processes and brings a CM2 at novice level up to crew chief which is considered expert level. This training will take place while the crew member is on shift. Training will occur via reading material, videos, discussion with preceptor, clinical manager and base manager, scenarios through case studies and live demonstration during patient transport. The CM2 will be required to complete a written test and sit on a QAB at the end of the crew chief training Process. All required training materials and equipment will be available at each of the 16 bases in the company. Base managers and clinical managers will work with the preceptors to assure all materials and equipment will be kept at each base, kept current with what is being used in live environment and kept in working order. Social Aspects of the Site In the performance setting, medical crew members work in teams. The teams always consist of two nurses, or one nurse and one paramedic. The third team member is the pilot; who are not involved directly in the patient care. Medical crew member’s work in team’s independent of direct supervision of a supervisor. Supervisors such as clinical managers, base managers and a medical director are always available by phone 24 hours a day 7 days a week as needed by the medical crews. The skills obtained in the Crew Chief training will not be being utilized by the medical crews for the first time. Many of these skills learned will have already been used by the crew members in the crew chief training; as much of the training had already been presented to some degree during the CM2 training. It is possible that some patient care skills learned by CM2 and again as crew chiefs will have only  been completed on mannequins in simulations and not on live patients until that patient condition presents itself. These skills are referred to as â€Å"infrequently used skills† and are practiced routinely by all medical crew members in the company. Those receiving initial first time skills and knowledge in their role are the crew member 1 (CM1) team members who are gaining the on-the-job training needed to achieve CM2 status. In these instances; a CM1 is always assigned into a work partnership with another crew member who is at least at the CM2 status. Relevance of Skills to Workplace All skills learned in the training will relate directly to all skills utilized in the actual workplace. There are not current perceived physical, social or motivational constraints. Crew members are highly motivated to have structured crew chief training due to the relationship between skills learned and skills used in work environment. High motivation also exists due to the desired status achievement of crew chief and due to the increased monetary stipend received. References Fleming, N.D. and Mills, C. (1992), Not Another Inventory, Rather a Catalyst for Reflection, To Improve the Academy, Vol. 11, 1992., page 137. Flight Nurse Training. (n.d.). Flight Nurse Training. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.flightnursetraining.com Suggested Considerations Regarding Accommodations. (1999, January 1). Suggested Considerations Regarding Accommodations. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/7.1/coverweb/grover_hendricks/accommodations.htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). . Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Workplace Training and Education: Adult Learning Styles. (2013, January 1). Workplace Training and Education: Adult Learning Styles. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://tribehr.com/blog/workplace-training-and-education-adult-learning-styles/